Propagation

• Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF) is the lowest frequency that can be used on a particular path
• It depends on absorption and atmospheric/man-made noise
• Can be influenced by power and antenna gain
• The LUF can be higher than the MUF in which case there is no frequency that supports communication on the particular path at that time

Course Guide Topics

1. Electric Field
2. Magnetic Field
3. Electromagnetic Field
4. Propagation Velocity
5. Signal Attenuation
6. Atmospheric Layers
7. Ionospheric Layers
8. Ionosphere – diagram
9. Layer Properties
10. Ground and Sky Waves
11. Skip Distance
12. MUF
13. LUF
14. Critical Frequency
15. Fading
16. Sunspots & Flares
17. Troposphere
18. VHF/UHF Propagation
19. Line of Sight Propagation
20. Diffraction