Propagation

• Regions of magnetic disturbance on the surface of the sun
• Activity reaches a maximum in 11 year cycles;  level of ionisation follows this cycle
• Exceptional long-distance signal paths on higher frequencies at the maximum of the cycle
• Severe sunspot disturbances (Flares) cause rapid fluctuations of the ionised layers often producing radio blackouts
• Solar Flux (solar noise measured at UHF) is used as an indicator of solar activity

Course Guide Topics

1. Electric Field
2. Magnetic Field
3. Electromagnetic Field
4. Propagation Velocity
5. Signal Attenuation
6. Atmospheric Layers
7. Ionospheric Layers
8. Ionosphere – diagram
9. Layer Properties
10. Ground and Sky Waves
11. Skip Distance
12. MUF
13. LUF
14. Critical Frequency
15. Fading
16. Sunspots & Flares
17. Troposphere
18. VHF/UHF Propagation
19. Line of Sight Propagation
20. Diffraction